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Roger Ebert: Farewell to my London home

February 26th, 2010

Legendary film critic Roger Ebert reminisces about the eccentric hotel on Jermyn Street that for 25 years was his sanctuary – but now faces demolition

Oh, no. No. No. This ­cannot be. They're ­tearing down 22 Jermyn Street in London. Much of the block is going. Bates hat shop, Trumper the barber, Sergios cafe, all vanishing. Jermyn Street was my street in ­London. My neighbourhood.

There, on a corner near the Lower Regent Street end, I found a time capsule within which the ­eccentricity and charm of an earlier time was still preserved. It was called the ­Eyrie ­Mansion. When I stayed there, I ­considered myself to be living there. I always wanted to live in London, and this was the closest I ever got.

Many years ago I was in London and unhappily staying in a hotel room so small, they had to store my empty ­luggage elsewhere on the premises. I could sit on the bed and rest my ­forehead against the wall opposite. Fed up, I walked out one fine Sunday ­morning to find a better hotel, but not an expensive one. I recalled that ­Suzanne Craig, a Chicago friend of mine, had once informed me: "If you like London so much, you should stay at the Eyrie Mansion in Jermyn Street."

"A haunted house?"

"No, stupid. Spelled like an eagle's nest. And Jermyn isn't spelled like the country, either."

I took the tube from Russell Square to Piccadilly, and surfaced to find backpackers sprawled on the steps of Eros, still asleep after their Saturday night revels. One block down Regent and right on Jermyn and I found a small sign over the sidewalk above a ­doorway. It opened upon a marble corridor pointing me to a man who regarded me from eyes in a scarred face. The gatekeeper of the Eyrie. He disappeared and, when I drew abreast, he was behind a wooden counter protecting an old-fashioned switchboard, a thick registration ledger and a wall of pigeonholes.

"How may I help you, sir?"

"Is this . . . a hotel?"

"Since 1685, I believe. You ­require a room?" He had a ­Spanish accent.

"I'd . . . how much are your rates?"

He consulted a card tacked to the wall.

"For you, sir, £35. That includes full English breakfast, parlour and ­bedroom, own gas fire and maid. Bath en suite."

The rate was a third of what I was paying. I asked to be shown these quarters. He locked the street door. Then we ascended in an open ironwork elevator to an upper floor and I was let into 3A. A living room had tall old ­windows overlooking Jermyn Street. Dark antique furniture: a sideboard, a desk, a chest of drawers, a sofa facing the fireplace, two low easy chairs, tall mirrors above the fire and the sideboard. He used a wooden match to light the gas under artificial logs.

A hall led to a bedroom in which space had been found for two single beds, a bedside table between them, an armoire, a chest, a small vanity table and another gas fireplace. In the bathroom was enthroned the largest bathtub I had ever seen, even in the movies. The fixtures were not modern; the toilet had an overhead tank with a pull-chain.

"This is larger than I expected," I said. "How many rooms do you have in all?"

"Sixteen."

Of course I took it. When I'd moved my luggage in, it was still only 10 o'clock and I rang down for the full English breakfast. The Spaniard said he would prepare it himself as soon as possible, "because Bob is indisposed". He appeared with two fried eggs, a rasher of bacon, orange juice, four slices of toast in an upright warmer, butter, strawberry jam and a pot of tea. I sat at my table, regarded my fire, poured my tea, turned on Radio 3 and read my Sunday Telegraph.

For 25 years I was to come to Jermyn Street time and again. Now I can never ­return. Some obscene ­architectural extrusion will rise upon the sacred land, some eyesore of retail and condos and trendy dining. Piece by piece, this is how a city dies. How many cities can spare a hotel built in 1685, the year James II took the crown? I will barely be able to bring myself to return to ­Jermyn Street, which is, shop for shop, the finest street in London.

That first morning I walked down Regent Street to St James's Park, strolled around the ponds, came up by Prince Charles's residence, climbed St James's Street and returned the full length of Jermyn. I ordered tea. It consisted of tomato, cucumber and butter sandwiches, which the English are unreasonably fond of; ham and butter sandwiches, which I am unreasonably fond of with Colman's English mustard; and cookies – or, excuse me, biscuits.

I had just settled in my easy chair when a key turned in the lock and a nattily dressed man in his 60s let himself in. He held a bottle of Teacher's scotch under his arm. He walked to the sideboard, took a glass, poured a shot, and while filling it with soda from the siphon, asked me, "Fancy a spot?"

"I'm afraid I don't drink," I said.

"Oh, my."

This man sat on my sofa, lit a ­cigarette, and said: "I'm Henry."

"Am I . . . in your room?"

"Oh, no, no, old boy! I'm only the owner. I dropped in to say hello."

This was Henry Togna Sr. He ­appears in a Dickens novel I haven't yet read. I'm sure of it. He appeared in my room almost every afternoon when I stayed at the Eyrie Mansion. It was not difficult to learn his story.

Henry and his wife Doddy lived in the top-floor flat. He may have been the only man to live all of his life within a block of Piccadilly Circus. The Mansion was originally purchased in 1915 by his parents, who came from Italy, and Doddy's parents, who were English. The two children grew up ­together, married, and fathered Henry Jr, "who keeps his irons in a lot of fires". He asked me how I learned of the Eyrie Mansion. "Oh, yes! Suzanne. A lovely girl."

I was usually in London three times a year: in midwinter, in May after Cannes, and in summer. Henry was naturally confiding, and cheerfully indiscreet. That first day he lamented that his assistant, Bob, had gone ­missing when I wanted my breakfast. "Bob is a great trouble to me," he said. "He gets drunk every eighth day. I have implored him to make out a seven-day schedule and stick to it, but no. He will not be content unless he is throwing us off."

"I was well taken care of by the man who checked me in," I said.

"Poor fellow. He was a famous jockey in Spain. His face was burned in a stable fire while he tried to help his horses. He was one of those handsome Spanish boys. He was in a movie once by Buñuel. A film critic like yourself must have heard of him."

"Oh, I have," I said. "I wonder which film?"

"You'll never get that out of him," Henry said. "Nor will he tell you his real name. He says he's hiding out here, working overnights. He doesn't want anyone in Spain to learn where he's gone."

I thought of Jermyn Street as ­Ampersand Street. On Jermyn Street you will find Turnbull & ­Asser, where Saul Bellow bought his shirts and Gene Siskel bought his boxer shorts. You will find ­Paxton & Whitfield, with its window stacked high with cheeses, and Fortnum & Mason, where you can lunch at the soda fountain or plunge into the food hall. Down the street a bit are Sims, Reed & Fogg, the antiquarian booksellers. And, of course, Hilditch & Key, Harvie & Hudson, Crockett & Jones, New & Lingwood – all shirt-sellers. The street is synonymous with shirts.

Next door to the hotel, there is Bates the hatters, with a big top hat hanging over the sidewalk. This was one place where you knew for sure you could find a bowler, a deerstalker or a ­collapsible opera topper. They have had the same cat for 50 years (although it has been stuffed and with a cigar in its mouth for most of that time). Next to Bates, Trumper the men's ­hairdressers. I make it a practice to get my hair cut in every city where possible. Near the Eyrie I went first to ­Georgio's, a one-chair Greek barber shop in a mews off Duke Street. One day I ­followed the Archbishop of ­Canterbury into his chair. In the basement of Simpsons, I had my hair cut next to the former prime minister Edward Heath. Jermyn is that kind of street. Finally I graduated to Trumper, a magnificent shop of brass and leather, wood and mirrors, and the aroma of hair tonics with exotic spices.

Sometimes in walking about the area, I would happen upon Henry, always dressed to befit Jermyn Street, who knew everyone of any interest, from the maitre d' at Wiltons to the man with the Evening Standard stand behind St James's Piccadilly. I never saw Henry in a pub, however, and ­despite the bottle of Teacher's under his arm, I never saw him tipsy.

One day he invited me to lunch. We walked over to a cozy, chic French restaurant in a byway near Leicester Square. Customers waiting in line were ignored as we were seated immediately. We were shown to our banquette by a handsome French woman of a certain age, whose hand, I observed, lingered longer on his shoulder than one might have expected. Henry saw me noticing, and his eyes twinkled.

He was much concerned about the future of the Mansion. "Our landlady is the Queen," he told me. "The Crown Estate agents have always tried to keep the lease terms reasonable, but the price of property is making the most alarming advances. I've raised my prices as much as I dare. Henry Jr wants to take over and make this a ­luxury hotel. Well, it's in the blood. But it frightens me. What kinds of loans will he have to take out? How will he make the payments?"

He brought Henry Jr around to meet me. This was a handsome, pleasant man; friendly, confiding. He said he hoped to keep the charm of the Eyrie Mansion. "But at the prices I'll be forced to charge, the public won't stand for this," he said, regarding the carpets, frayed at the edges, and the furniture somewhat nicked, and staring balefully at the gas fireplace.

As it happened, the gas fire was one of my favorite features. On jet-lagged winter mornings, before dawn, I'd awaken to a flat chilly as I liked it, pull on warm clothes, and venture out into the crisp night to walk up to the newsagent on Piccadilly. I'd buy the Telegraph, Independent, Guardian and Times, and a large cup of hot coffee from an all-night shop around the corner. With these I would return to the Mansion, tune in Radio 3, sit in my low easy chair before the fire, and dream wistfully that such was my life.

Later one winter's day, I set out to walk across Hyde Park from Kensington Gardens to Hyde Park Corner. It was raining, but that was fine with me; I had my Simpsons umbrella. What I didn't know was that the gates to the park were locked at dusk. This I discovered on a notice inside the gate I'd intended to use. I could see the traffic hurrying past up Serpentine Road from the direction of the Royal Albert ­Memorial. There were a lot of taxis.

Unfortunately, an iron fence topped with spikes stood between me and the road. It began raining harder. I scouted and found a low tree branch that might just allow me to stand atop the railing. That meant climbing a hill slippery with wet grass. I failed twice, and became smeared with mud. Digging in the point of my umbrella, I finally made my way up the hill and on to the limb, then balanced on the fence – but it was a good leap down to the ­sidewalk, and I could easily imagine myself with a sprained ankle. Or worse: impaled on the fence.

Pedestrians hurried past, apparently not seeing me. I tried calling for help. I was ignored. Well, if you were hurrying through the park in the rain and saw a fat man with a soaked coat, smeared with mud, balanced on a fence with a filthy umbrella, what would you do?

"Hey, look, it's Roger Ebert!" an American kid said. He was with a group of friends. "No way! Is that really you?"

"Yes, it is," I said. If I had been Prince Charles, I would have answered to "Roger Ebert".

"Far out, dude! What are you doing up there?"

"Trying to get down," I observed.

They helped me down and asked for my autograph, which was gladly ­supplied. I opened my umbrella, hailed a cab, and was at 22 Jermyn Street in 10 minutes. That was one of the occasions when I lit the gas fire and treasured it beyond all reason. After warming up, I filled the big tub for a bath. It was deep, and as long as I was tall. I tinted it a bright green with Wibergs Pine Bath Essence, inhaled warm pine, and reflected that you are never warmer than when you have been cold.

Word came in 1990 that Henry Jr had taken over operations and closed the hotel for ­renovation. In his announcement, he wrote: "I agreed to buy the hotel from my father, famous for his wonderful eccentricity." Of course, Henry Jr discontinued the gas fires.

The Eyrie Mansion was renamed 22 Jermyn Street, and my wife Chaz and I stayed there many times. I liked it, she adored it. When I said I missed the gas fire that you lit with a match, she gave me one of those looks I got when I said I would rather drive a 1957 Studebaker than any newer car. Or eat in a diner than a trendy restaurant. Or wear jeans. You know those looks.

As the luxurious 22 Jermyn Street, the hotel prospered. Croissants and cappuccino were now served as an alternative to full English breakfast. There'd be a flower on the tray. Clients included movie stars and politicians, who valued its privacy and its absence of a lobby. Doddy and Henry Sr would have been proud.

But in autumn 2009 Henry Jr wrote to us: "Sadly the lease has expired and the greater part of the city block in which the hotel is located is to be redeveloped by the Crown Estate as a project named St James's Gateway, over the next two or three years. Like much else in London, it is planned that this very comprehensive and handsome project will be completed in time for the Olympic Games in 2012."

Just what Olympic guests will be looking for in London. One more god-damned comprehensive and handsome project.

© 2010 The Ebert Co. distributed by Universal Uclick.This is an edited extract from Roger Ebert's blog, rogerebert.com

• This article was amended on 26 February 2010. The first paragraph originally read, "the whole block is going", including Getti the Italian restaurant and the Jermyn Street theatre. This has been corrected. Elsewhere in the piece Russell & Bromley was removed from a list of shirtmakers.


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New US embassy is cool, remote and far from subtle

February 25th, 2010

The winning design by KieranTimberlake architects reflects the US political process: nominally open to all, yet, in practice, tightly controlled

The new US embassy to the Court of St James's has been designed, says the US state department, to "reflect the values of the American people". Just as well, perhaps, that its architects, KieranTimberlake, aren't being asked to reflect the values of the British people, otherwise we'd probably end up with a building in the guise of a footballer-style Kentucky Fried Georgian luxury mansion with a Cabe-approved Tesco attached and the whole caboodle opened by Justin Timberlake.

Luckily for London, the American people are considerably more sophisticated and less populist than we are. Here in Nine Elms, the new embassy will adopt the form of a giant glass box on stilts rising from a Princess Diana-style memorial park, complete with a lake and what appears to be a ha-ha. Seriously.

KieranTimberlake have a well-established track record designing nicely resolved college campuses, including those of Yale and Cornell. Given that the London embassy will be a cross between a secure compound and a political and cultural complex, the Philadelphia practice may well prove to be a sound, if unexciting, choice.

Keen for the building not to be seen as a Bush-era bunker – the vast new US embassy in Baghdad is about as diplomatic as a "shock 'n' awe" strike by the military – the design makes extensive use of glass, although this will be protected by a blast-resistant polymer skin.

Cool, remote and superficially transparent, the winning design does reflect what we can divine of the US political process. Nominally open to all and yet, in practice, tightly controlled, the system of US government and its prevailing culture, aped bad-temperedly in Britain, does indeed inform the brief to KieranTimberlake and their response to it.

Embassies have, however, for good reasons, become an awkward building type today. The days of pottering about in the fine library of the Eero Saarinen-designed US embassy in Grosvenor Square are long gone. All foreigners are suspect. They should keep their distance in future just as this defensive embassy, surrounded by corporate-style office blocks, will from them and, sadly, central London itself.


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Jonathan Glancey on the new US embassy for London

February 25th, 2010

In praise of… Battersea | Editorial

February 25th, 2010

Battersea, which is to play host to the new US embassy, is already famous for many things

There is room for divided views about the Kieran Timberlake glass cube design for the new US embassy building in London. There is less room for argument about its site. Battersea is famous for many things – the dogs' home, the funfair and the power station among them – but its riverside proximity to central London remained a well-kept secret until 1980s house-hunters realised it is only 200 yards from Chelsea across the river. Battersea's MP, Martin Linton (a former Guardian journalist), says if he stands on the House of Commons terrace and leans out a bit he can see the top end of his constituency where the embassy will one day be. The MP bridles at the notion, promoted by the late George Melly, that "transpontine London" has nothing to offer its new residents. South London is simply a north London concept, Mr Linton retorts. The new embassy in Nine Elms, he reckons, will be closer to Westminster and Whitehall than the existing one in Grosvenor Square. Washington's choice is interesting in other ways too. It will be built close to an area once known as the Island, a small enclave of Victorian slum terraces that once housed one of the most economically deprived communities in the capital, one reason why Battersea is one of a handful of places in Britain to have ever elected a Communist to parliament. And can the state department have been aware that Battersea is the last resting place of their nation's revolutionary war turncoat, Benedict Arnold, who is buried in Battersea parish church?


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US Ambassador is spoiling our view of the Thames with this boring glass embassy

February 24th, 2010

British jurors, including Richard Rogers, have argued the building is unfit to represent the US in Britain

With a billion dollar budget and a prime site on the banks of the Thames, the plans for the new US embassy in Britain were intended to cement Washington's "special relationship" with London for decades to come.

But tonight's long-awaited unveiling of designs by US ambassador Louis Susman for one of the most expensive embassies ever built threatened to be overshadowed by a high-level spat.

The Guardian has learned that the only two British members of the seven-strong design jury "fought to the death" against their American counterparts in a failed bid to block a winning design which they argued was not world class and was unfit to represent the US in Britain. Lord Rogers, the architect of the Pompidou Centre in Paris, and Lord Palumbo, the property developer and art collector, felt so strongly about the inadequacies of the winning design, they submitted a "minority report" setting out their case to the US state department in Washington, which commissioned the building.

As Susman unveiled the designs of the Philidephia-based firm of Kieran Timberlake – a 12-storey cube clad in a blastproof glass and plastic façade – it emerged the British jurors believe the Obama administration should have selected a rival design by a Californian designer, Thom Mayne, who won the Pritzker Prize, architecture's version of the Nobel, in 2005. They were overruled by the five Americans on the panel, including former ambassador Clyde Taylor.

Rogers and Palumbo are said to have thought the design was boring and "not good enough to represent one of the great nations in London", said sources familiar with the jury process. By contrast, they considered Mayne's design to be "touched by genius".

After the spat with two of the most prominent figures in British architecture, and both peers, a second diplomatic banana skin looms: the US government has yet to agree with HM Treasury about whether it will pay VAT on the building cost and the $1bn (£650m) price quoted yesterday did not include VAT. Susman said last night talks are continuing.

The embassy is set to become one of the most expensive in the world, cheaper only than America's fortress-like outposts in Baghdad and Islamabad.

In 2008 Washington announced a move out of the Mayfair building occupied since the beginning of the Kennedy era for security reasons. Attempts to fortify the building in such a built-up location proved difficult and the embassy's 1,000 staff had begun to outgrow the space.

But the decision to move to a new home on a vacant semi-industrial site in Wandsworth surrounded by a 30-metre blast zone, sparked fears that it planned a "fortress embassy" in south London. The UK government's own design advisers worried that early designs suggested a building that "turns its back" on the local area and lacks "a sufficiently civilising effect".

The designs unveiled yesterday suggest a medieval keep and even include a moat-like ditch along one side. James Timberlake, the lead architect, said that, inspired by European castles, he had tried to use the landscape to provide a defence against terror attacks and there would be "no fences and no walls".

"We hope the message everyone will see is that it is open and welcoming," he said. "It is a beacon of democracy – light filled and light emitting."

KieranTimberlake, little known outside the UK, was a surprise winner against three of America's most celebrated architects, all of whom have won the Pritzker.

Alongside Mayne were the firm of IM Pei, who designed the Louvre pyramid in Paris, and Richard Meier, who built the Getty Centre in Los Angeles. KieranTimberlake is best known for its buildings for Ivy League universities and environmentally-friendly design.

Contacted last night, Rogers declined to comment on his view of the building. "It was a very well-organised competition and I can't comment on the decision of the jury," he said. Palumbo could not be reached for comment.

Questioned about the row, Susman said simply: "The entire committee signed off on the project."

Paul Finch, the chairman of the Commission for Architecture and the Built Environment, which will advise on whether the building should be granted planning consent, said the designs appeared to be of a high quality.

"It is a sophisticated cube," he said. "The designers have given a lot of attention to the environmental controls. This will stand out in an area that is due for a huge wave of development."

The plans feature an attempt to integrate defences in a park landscape using grass berms, a man-made lake and even a moat. The most iconic part of the Mayfair building is likely to remain. There are plans to relocate the bronze eagle which sits on the roof of the current embassy as a statue in the gardens.

The Mayfair building is earmarked for development as luxury apartments and a hotel after it was bought for an estimated £350m by the Qatari government.

Expert view: Cool, remote and far from subtle

The new US embassy to the Court of St James's has been designed, says the US state department, to "reflect the values of the American people". Just as well, perhaps, that its architects, KieranTimberlake, aren't being asked to reflect the values of the British people, otherwise we'd probably end up with a building in the guise of a footballer-style Kentucky Fried Georgian luxury mansion with a Cabe-approved Tesco attached and the whole caboodle opened by Justin Timberlake.

Luckily for London, the American people are considerably more sophisticated and less populist than we are. Here in Nine Elms, the new embassy will adopt the form of a giant glass box on stilts rising from a Princess Diana-style memorial park, complete with a lake and what appears to be a ha-ha. Seriously.

KieranTimberlake have a well-established track record designing nicely resolved college campuses, including those of Yale and Cornell. Given that the London embassy will be a cross between a secure compound and a political and cultural complex, the Philadelphia practice may well prove to be a sound, if unexciting, choice.

Keen for the building not to be seen as a Bush-era bunker – the vast new US embassy in Baghdad is about as diplomatic as a "shock 'n' awe" strike by the military – the design makes extensive use of glass, although this will be protected by a blast-resistant polymer skin.

Cool, remote and superficially transparent, the winning design does reflect what we can divine of the US political process. Nominally open to all and yet, in practice, tightly controlled, the system of US government and its prevailing culture, aped bad-temperedly in Britain, does indeed inform the brief to KieranTimberlake and their response to it.

Embassies have, however, for good reasons, become an awkward building type today. The days of pottering about in the fine library of the Eero Saarinen-designed US embassy in Grosvenor Square are long gone. All foreigners are suspect. They should keep their distance in future just as this defensive embassy, surrounded by corporate-style office blocks, will from them and, sadly, central London itself.

Jonathan Glancey


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Video: Wilton’s Music Hall

February 11th, 2010

Wilton's, the world's oldest music hall, is east London's most atmospheric gig venue, having played host to dramatic events for 182 years - from the Battle of Cable Street to live gigs by The Magic Numbers


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Shard of Glass building begins to rise by London Bridge station

January 28th, 2010

This piece of no-award-winning photography shows you what I gaze upon while waiting at London Bridge station for number 48 buses to convey me back to Clapton after visits to City Hall. I decided yesterday that I'm going to like The Shard of Glass. While generally suspicious of skyscraper incursions in London, this one is going to work for me: shiny, sparkly, cheeky, original and a bit kitsch.

As you can (just about) see, the real thing is starting to take shape behind the barriers. The credit crunch seems not to have halted its rise, which will cease at a pointy peak of just over one thousand feet - the highest in the capital. It's scheduled to be completed next year and will become Transport for London's new home. I'm planning to visit on day one. Will wave.


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London 2030: our expert predictions

January 24th, 2010

What will Britain's capital city look like in 20 years' time. What technological, social or environmental changes will most shape our future? Read on… and join the debate

ZAHA HADID Architect

About 15 years ago I did a drawing titled London 2066 based on studies of how London could grow as a polycentric metropolis with higher degrees of connectivity. This research clarified to me how London could expand eastwards – more or less what is happening now with the Olympic Games as the catalyst.It is very interesting to see it becoming a reality. I think one of the great challenges is the fundamental restructuring away from the "Fordist" paradigm of an industrial mass society towards a society with much greater degrees of complexity and dynamism in people's lives. So hybrid mixed-used buildings have become very interesting. There also needs to be a further shift away from zoning – you live here, work there and play somewhere else. By layering all these uses together, in the same zone, it completely changes the way we look at cities.

KEN LIVINGSTONE Former Mayor of London

In 1989 there was no city government planning anything, it was all pretty haphazard. Broadly, No one in 1989 realised the long-term impact of deregulation was going to be so dramatic for the financial sector. There was an assumption of slow decline. Now, we've got the London Plan, which I devised and which came into force in February 2004, which is a strategy through to 2025. Given the length of time it takes to get things done, the only big question mark now is the transport projects like Crossrail – they depend on the outcome of the next general election: whether you get a government who's prepared to back that sort of investment. London might not grow as well as it should, it might not be as environmental a city as it should be, but I don't think anyone's going to see London as a failure.

IAIN SINCLAIR Writer

There will be serious talk of bringing back a riverbus service for the Thames. There will be more white ghost-bicycles than any other kind, cycling being compulsory for those who want access to the National Health Service . Privileged lanes for VIP non-participants will have expanded and public lanes shrunk. Tickets will be at a premium for permanent show trials, inquiries into inquiries, after terrorist outrages and botched judicial executions. Film, television and other forms of electronic communication will happen on fingernail-size screens and be without content, other than re-runs of Dad's Army. Locality won't exist, the slab or vertical stack being the universal form. West Ham FC will debate a move into the part-demolished Olympic stadium. The late Ken Livingstone, in computer-generated form, fresh from his triumph in Celebrity Big Brother, will be re-elected as mayor.

TONY TRAVERS Director, Greater London Group

The key thing is that the population of London will have risen to around 9m  which is well above its previous highest level, and there will be an even bigger concentration of economic activity than now. London's capacity to attract people from all over the world – rich Americans and Europeans to asylum seekers – will continue. So by 2030 London will be a city that is over 40% overseas-born, even higher than it is now. There will be a similar percentage for the non-white population, so it will be even more cosmopolitan than it is today. In a curious way this cosmpolitan-ness and the tolerance that goes with it becomes a self-reinforcing factor, so it becomes even more attractive to people who are footloose, international and often talented. The skyline will probably have even more towers on it, it will probably be a city which has had to tackle congestion more comprehensively by then. What there will certainly be is a greater number of electric vehicles: by then small, silent electric vehicles will be much greater in number and there will be many fewer noisy, dirty, big vehicles of the kind we accept as normal today. we'll look back on the streets today and wonder how it was possible to tolerate the diesel-driven big vehicles: there'll be pressure to improve the air and environment, that's for sure. There's no evidence thus far of any society getting away from railways, especially when they're all built. The one thing I don't think there will be a move away from is working in city centres, or in the centre of London, but for many years there have been prophets who think that eventually people because of electronic communication will be able to work from home and visit the city centre occasionally; I think that analysis is wrong: partly because many people want to go to work, they enjoy the social element. Outer London, the bit that most people live in but people outside London don't know so well, will benefit: partly as a result of the population growth but also due to the Olympic development in the east. I think the big question is what happens to other parts of London, particularly south London where economic prospects have always been more challenged.

NICK KNIGHT Fashion photographer

Fashion shows becoming live will be increasingly popular - that's going to take off and in twenty year's time should be well-established. It's allowing two things: first it allows the consumer to see it as soon as it hits the catwalk, and then through sites like netaporter.com you can buy the clothes before they get to the shops, so that's changing the whole way people consume fashion and the way they see it. We're seeing the embryonic form of a new medium happening now. People are living their lives through their mobile phones and laptops. In terms of what people will be wearing it depends on which society-changing events you get between now and then. Any form of civil unrest on a large scale or wars, influence fashion. You really have to start looking at politics: what clothes people wear is dependent on what their role in society is. Fashion is unpredictable, as events are. I'd like to see the parameters of what we consider beauty completely enlarged: we're really only presented with one version of how women should look at the moment and that's really quite shocking. I hope that we'll no longer tolerate being shown images of ourselves in such narrow parameters.

ROSIE BOYCOTT Journalist and chair of London Food

Food growing in the city will be commonplace: oil shocks and a growing awareness of food security will have encouraged people to grow their own. Rooftops and spare places will be full of vegetables: not, obviously, enough to feed the city but enough to reconnect people to food and make them more resilient and more aware of where food comes from. A much higher percentage of our food will come from farms around London with a lessening of dependency on foreign imports. Oil prices and water shortages will make this essential. We will have electric chargers across the city and electric vehicles will be commonplace. Biking will have increased dramatically – and proper bike super-highways will allow Londoners to commute across the city. Food co-ops will be common and waste will be used for power and not go to landfill. Recycling will be second nature and all homes will have smart meters, both for electricity and water usage. It won't be an age of austerity but it will be an age of watchfulness.

INTERVIEWS BY HERMIONE HOBY


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